Watts was a small working man's city without a library at the time of its application for Carnegie funding. A grant of $10,000 was received in 1913 and the building was completed in 1914. The architect Elmore Jeffery designed the building in the Classical Revival style. The builder was H.E. La Rue. With little tax base, Watts had trouble providing utilities and services, including library service, and became the only Los Angeles County municipality to join the county library system before 1917. In 1926, seeking relief from the postwar depression and unemployment, and needing a larger base, Watts sought annexation to Los Angeles. The Watts Library then became a branch of the Los Angeles Public Library. In 1957, voters approved a Branch Library Bond Issue, and funding was made available for the construction of a new facility. The new Watts Branch was opened in 1960. The Carnegie building is no longer standing. [http://www.carnegie-libraries.org/california/watts.html]
First African Methodist Episcopal Church, Los Angeles, is the oldest church founded by African Americans in the City of Los Angeles, dating to 1872. Biddy Mason established the church to minister to the mind, body, and soul of the community. This church served as the cornerstone of the community for spiritual growth, social uplift, and economic development.
Alma Willa Greene Covington, was an educator for 40 years and a principal for 17 in Los Angeles. She earned her degrees from the University of Southern California and the University of California Los Angeles. She participated in civic affairs and teacher recruitment. She was the daughter of Thomas A. Greene, and the wife of Floyd Covington Sr.
Lorenzo Bowdoin was a Los Angeles businessman, civic leader, philanthropist and NAACP leader. One of the first three black clerks hired by the Los Angeles Post Office in 1906, he worked there for 38 years and improved hiring and promotion policies for blacks. He was one of the organizers of Angelus Mortuary (1925) and was the treasurer for many years. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Haitian Coffee Co. He was active in many civic organizations including the Metropolitan YMCA.
House at 2207 S. Victoria Ave.(still there in 2018). The house is adjacent to a corner, and the street sign "23rd St. 4300" is for the adjacent street.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
A group of African American men standing in front of the newly opened Magnolia Saloon, owned by Robert Stewart, located on the corner of New High and Marchessault Street in “Sonoratown”. All of the buildings lining the street are adobe or wood. A wagon is parked across New High Street near a laundry. Two large trees shade that side of the street near a picket fence. The J.W. Robinson Mansion is visible on the left overlooking Castelar and Bellevue (Sunset Boulevard).
Dr. Opal C. Jones (1919 or 20-1998) was a welfare activist in Los Angeles. In the 1950s, she was associate director of the UCLA campus YMCA, and a social worker at the Avalon-Carver Community Center, providing service resources to low-income residents in south central L.A. In 1965, she was the founder and executive director of the Neighborhood Adult Participation Project (NAPP), one of the main programs administered by the main agency of the Los Angeles “War on Poverty.” At that time there were almost no African American women working as executive directors. In 1966, Jones sought to separate NAPP from the Economic and Youth Opportunities Agency (EYOA) so that it could be operated for the benefit of the community. Joe Maldonado, executive director of the EYOA, fired her. She succeeded in recovering her position and EYOA was reorganized and decentralized as a result of her efforts. Her distinguished career in public service earned her numerous awards, citations, resolutions and certificates from everybody from the president of the United States to the Los Angeles City Council, which named her Woman of the Year in 1960. Born in Tyler, Texas, she received her BA degree from Prairie View A&M University, her master of social work from the Atlanta University School of Social Work and her doctor of education from the University of San Francisco.
Arthur E. Prince was the superintendent of the Enterprise School District. He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity and was active in civic events in Southern California. He and his wife were the second black family to reside in Pasadena.
Bessie Coleman standing in an air field wearing air pilot clothing, including a leather flying helmet, a jacket and knickerbockers, a leather coat, and knee-high lace-up boots.
Dr. John A. Somerville (left) shaking hands with a guest. Five other guests are visible. This is at his home at 2014 Virginia Road where the Somervilles lived from 1952 to at least 1962.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
Early photograph of Los Angeles taken from Fort Moore hill and facing southeast towards the Plaza, with vineyards, orchards and fields visible beyond. The Plaza Church (constructed in 1822) is in the lower left corner, a brick reservoir (built in 1858) is in the middle of the Plaza, on the right is the Jose Antonio Carrillo adobe and, behind it, the house of Pio Pico, the last governor of Mexican California (both houses were demolished for the construction of the Pico House hotel).
Text from newspaper caption: Bowdoin overwhelmed -- Lorenzo Bowdoin was cited by Women's Sunday Morning Breakfast Club for his contributions to the community for the past 50 years at its "This is Your Life" program Sunday. From left: Mrs. Theresa Lindsay, club president; Bowdoin; Fay Jackson, who narrated the story of Bowdoin's life; and Frances Vaughn, his daughter. [newspaper not identified]
Alpha Kappa Alpha (ΑΚΑ) is a Greek-lettered sorority, the first established by African-American college women on January 15, 1908 at Howard University. The membership is for college-educated women.
Clarence Muse seated in a chair, singing, and playing an accordion. Greetings on the card: "A Happy New Year / All the Year" and "Billie and Clarence Muse / Hollywood."
Postmaster Leslie N. Shaw holds his Distinguished Citizen Award. Beside him are former recipients, left to right: Judge Vaino Spencer (1962), Vassie D. Wright (1961) and Lorenzo Bowdoin (1960). They are at the award ceremony held at the Ambassador Hotel.
Ruby Marie Offutt Wheeler, a daughter of Georgia Offutt, was a Los Angeles school teacher for 14 years. She appears as a student at the University of California in Los Angeles in the 1920 yearbook. A June 24, 1932 letter written to her by W. E. B. Du Bois, inviting her to provide her photograph for the "Education Number" of The Crisis Magazine, lists her address as the "University of Southern California." [http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b193-i196]
Biddy Mason was brought to California as a slave in a wagon train. She petitioned for her freedom, and a judge granted it to her and her family in 1856. She and her family lived with Robert Owens, Sr., when she first moved to Los Angeles. Her daughter Ellen married Robert Owen's son Charles.
Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel. He was the first African American to be so honored in the history of the prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy. [Wikipedia]
Dr. John Somerville, born in Jamaica, was the first black graduate of USC School of Dentistry (1907). He married Vada Jetmore Watson (1912), who also became a dentist. He built the Somerville Hotel (1928), was instrumental in the founding of the Los Angeles chapter of NAACP (1914), and served on the Police Commission 1949-1953.
Robert James Boyd was born in North Carolina. He married Emma P. Barrett in Los Angeles and in 1910 they lived at 1242 El Molino (now 1242 Kenmore Ave.) in Los Angeles, next to 1244 El Molino, where Emma had lived with her family before she was married from as early as 1900. By 1917, he is reported as working in a barbershop in Riverside city directories from 1917 to 1947. According to Miriam Matthews, he owned the barbershop. Robert and Emma had four children: Barrett, Willis, Helen and Edward.
Dr. John Somerville, born in Jamaica, was the first black graduate of USC School of Dentistry (1907). He married Vada Jetmore Watson (1912), who also became a dentist. He built the Somerville Hotel (1928), was instrumental in the founding of the Los Angeles chapter of NAACP (1914).
Photograph caption: Clinging to his beautiful engraved plaque, past master Monroe P. Parker beams with appreciation as he poses with members of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49. Parker was presented the plaque for more than forty-three years of meritorious service to the organization. Pictured from left to right are James D. Jenkins, senior warden; Monroe Parker, honoree; Bernard Gray, past master; and Charles D. Fowlkes, worshipful master. (Los Angeles Sentinel, 21 Dec. 1967: D5)
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
William Edgar Easton seated with his granddaughter, Athenaise Marie Houston, in his lap and his daughter, Dorothy Easton Houston, standing behind him, in front of a house.
Dr. Alva Curtis Garrott married Lillie Dejarnette in 1893. Dr. Garrott earned degrees in Pharmacy and Dentistry at Howard University in Washington, D. C. before bringing his family to Los Angeles in 1901, becoming this city's first Negro dentist.
Group portrait of first public school in Los Angeles with two African American students visible, seated and standing outside of a brick building with at least one teacher on the left.
Roscoe Jones was a famous African American golfer during the Jim Crow era in American History. He competed in several events held at West Coast golf clubs during the 1930s and 1940s.
Banquet table at an anniversary celebration of Drs. John and Vada Somerville with flowers, candles, coffee urns and two cakes. This is at their home at 2401 Harvard Blvd. where the Somervilles lived from 1944 to 1950/51.
Loren Miller, Jr. with his bride, Anne M. Risher (probably), his parents (on right) Juanita Ellsworth Miller and Loren Miller, Sr., and the bride's' parents (on the left). According to Ancestry.com, Miller, Jr., married Anne M. Risher in 1957, and Patricia A. Harris in 1970. This looks like a 1957 photograph.
Ursula Pruitt Murrell received a BA and MA in education from USC and was a music teacher in the Los Angeles Unified School District for 30 years. A member of several civic, cultural and charitable organizations, she was known for her involvement in civic work.
Loren Miller, seated beside a man speaking at a microphone, with a crowd of people behind them, at the opening of the English Square office complex at 85th and Broadway. The owner of English Square was attorney Herman English.
Photograph of Brice Taylor wearing a football uniform on a field at the University of Southern California. The photograph is on a page from an article titled "From football coach to college President."
Hamel Hartford Brookins was a bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church for 30 years and a civil rights activist. He helped start and was president of the United Civil Rights Council, which helped the black community recover from the Watts riots in 1965. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s he was an articulate, self-assured champion of black political empowerment.
Biddy Mason was brought to California as a slave in a wagon train. She petitioned for her freedom, and a judge granted it to her and her family in 1856. She and her family lived with Robert Owens, Sr., when she first moved to Los Angeles. Her daughter Ellen married Robert Owen's son Charles.
Manila and Gladys Owens were the great-granddaughters of Biddy Mason and Robert Owens, early African American pioneers and Los Angeles landowners (daughters of Robert Curry Owens and Anna Dugged Owens).
Helen Wheeler Riddle was the first African American woman to graduate from USC Law School. She was a member of the Los Angeles branch of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. She was active in clubs and events. She was the uncredited author of the USC Fight Song.
Reverend Clayton D. Russell was an important religious and political leader in the Los Angeles African American community. He was the pastor of the People's Independent Church of Christ from 1936 to 1953. He founded the Church of Divine Guidance in 1953 and was the pastor until his death in 1981.
Bessie Bruington Burke is recognized as the first black principal of a Los Angeles public school. She attended Los Angeles State Normal School (now part of UCLA) and earned her teaching credential in 1911. Her education was paid for by the Los Angeles Forum, a political and civic organization founded by African Americans in the early 20th century.
A. C. Bilbrew was the director of the first black choir featured in a film, 1928's Hearts of Dixie, which also happened to be the first black "talkie." She was also a pioneer in radio, becoming the first African American soloist on the radio in 1923, and later, the first African American to have and host a show in 1942. She was a cast member of the movie The Foxes of Harrow in 1947. Bilbrew was a champion of women's rights and childhood literacy; she was a community leader, musician, poet, and deputy to Kenneth Hahn (County Supervisor) A Los Angeles branch library is named after her.
James Homer Garrott, was an African-American architect active in the Los Angeles area in the mid-20th century who designed more than 200 buildings. He has been described as a "pivotal black Avant garde modernist of the 1940s era. He earned his architect's license (1928), studied Architecture at the University of Southern California (1930-1934) and was the second African-American admitted to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in Los Angeles (1946).
Image depicting 21 debutants in light colored evening gowns who participated in the popularity contest of the Wilfandel Club women, seated on the stage of the Polytechnic High School in front of a painted landscape backdrop. The winner, Elinor Vera Winston, is in the center.
Thomas L. Griffith Jr. was a Superior Court judge who was the first black ever elected in a Los Angeles countywide vote and the first black attorney ever admitted to the Los Angeles County Bar Association. From 1934 to 1949 he headed the NAACP here and was at the forefront of the integration of municipal swimming pools.
Loran Miller (right) with his family. The older, seated woman is probably his mother Nora Magdalene Miller. The two other men may be two of his then three his brothers (Roland, Cecil and Halvor -- Halvor lived in Chicago later in his life). The younger woman may be his sister Helen Addison.
From left: Unidentified woman holds a piece of paper in front of Peter W. Dauterive, as Dr. H. Claude Hudson, president of Broadway Federal Savings and Loan, gestures toward him.
Central Avenue is a major north-south thoroughfare in the central portion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. From approximately 1920 to 1955, Central Avenue was the heart of the African-American community in Los Angeles, with active rhythm and blues and jazz music scenes.
The foundation for the Plaza Church was laid in 1814. It was formerly known as the church of Nuestra Senora Reina de Los Angeles (Our Lady, Queen of the Angels).
Loren Miller, seated, beside Billy Mills, speaking at a microphone, with a crowd of people behind them at the opening of the English Square office complex at 85th and Broadway. The owner of English Square was attorney Herman English.
Back of a poster commemorating the 175th anniversary of Los Angeles with advertisements for Coberly Mercury and Greer-Haldeman Pontiac automobiles, and for A. H. Ross & Co. tires.
Stephen Arnold Rendall was an ambrotypist and photographer who migrated from England and was active in Southern California in the early 1860s and from 1866-1869.
Leon Washington came to Los Angeles in 1930 and was the advertising manager of the California Eagle for three years. He then founded the Sentinel, which became a rival newspaper to the California Eagle.
Article in the Silhouette Magazine about Gilbert Allen and the Gilbert Allen Singers with a portrait photograph of Allen, and a photograph of the choir singing.
First opened in 1873, Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region. Early buildings commissioned to house the Los Angeles High School were among the architectural jewels of the city, and were strategically placed at the summit of a hill. The building in this photograph was completed in 1917.
House where Ralph Bunche lived with his grandmother, Lucy Johnson, and sister, Grace Bunche, at 1221 East 37th Street (later changed to 1221 East 41st Street).
Cynthiabelle Gordon Smith was born Cynthiabelle Black in Americus, Georgia. Her father was Alfred Black and her brother was Junior G. Black. She married the dentist, Dr. Isadore C. Mitchell (April 30, 1925). Shortly after, he completed dental school at Howard University and then moved to Los Angeles. In 1934, she moved to Washington, D.C. seeking work, and divorced Mitchell in 1936. In 1937 she was working for the U. S. Public Health Service in Washington, D. C. She married the physician Dr. Wilbur Gordon (possibly in 1942) and was widowed. She married Dr. R. Stillman Smith in 1947.
Joseph Blackburn Bass founded the Topeka Call, a black community newspaper. He continued to work on that newspaper when it was purchased by another owner and its name changed to the Topeka Plaindealer. Bass was active in local politics, and in 1896 was one of the Kansas delegates to the Republican National Convention that nominated William McKinley for President. After a short stint publishing a black community newspaper in Helena, Montana, Bass moved to Los Angeles, where in 1913, he accepted Charlotta Spears' offer to edit the California Eagle. Spears and Bass married in 1914.
Group portrait of the Deaconesses of the People's Independent Church of Christ, 14 women in light-colored dresses, with matching drawstring bags and shoes. Some are wearing a necklace with a cross. They are posed in front the entrance of a wood frame building with the address "1462" posted above the group.
Allen Allensworth was born into slavery in Kentucky, served as a Union soldier, became a Baptist minister and educator, and was the first African American to reach the rank of lieutenant colonel. He founded numerous churches, and in 1908 founded Allensworth, California, the only town in the state to be founded, financed and governed by African Americans, now a State Historic Monument. (Wikipedia)
Lorenzo Bowdoin was a Los Angeles businessman, civic leader, philanthropist and NAACP leader. One of the first three black clerks hired by the Los Angeles Post Office in 1906, he worked there for 38 years and improved hiring and promotion policies for blacks. He was one of the organizers of Angelus Mortuary (1925) and was the treasurer for many years. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Haitian Coffee Co. He was active in many civic organizations including the Metropolitan YMCA.
Paul R. Williams with his wife, Della, at the Wilfandel Club (3425 West Adams Blvd). They are standing in front of an inscription that reads: Wilfandel Club Inc. / Founder Della Givens Williams / Co-Founder Fannie Williams.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
Allen Allensworth was born into slavery in Kentucky, served as a Union soldier, became a Baptist minister and educator, and was the first African American to reach the rank of lieutenant colonel. He founded numerous churches, and in 1908 founded Allensworth, California, the only town in the state to be founded, financed and governed by African Americans, now a State Historic Monument. (Wikipedia)
Charlotta Bass was the publisher of the California Eagle newspaper from 1912 to 1951, and a civil rights activist. The California Eagle, covering Los Angeles' African-American community, was one of the oldest and longest running African American newspapers.
Dr. John Somerville, born in Jamaica, was the first black graduate of USC School of Dentistry (1907). He married Vada Jetmore Watson (1912), who also became a dentist. He built the Somerville Hotel (1928), was instrumental in the founding of the Los Angeles chapter of NAACP (1914), and served on the Police Commission 1949-1953.
Reverend Canon Lewis Penrose Bohler, Jr., was the rector of the Episcopal Church of the Advent in West Adams for 35 years, from about 1961-1996. One of the few African American Episcopal priests in Southern California during the civil rights struggles of the 1960s, Bohler participated in dialogues and demonstrations in Los Angeles and made two trips to Selma, Alabama in 1965 during the civil rights marches. Bohler was a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Education and served on the State Board Of Education and the Los Angeles Unified School District Board.
Constructed between 1867-1870, the Pico House hotel was commissioned by Pio Pico, the last Mexican Governor of Alta California, and was designed by the architect Ezra F. Kysor. It is located at 430 North Main St.
Diorama, created in 1931, showing the founding of Los Angeles, with a native Indian man beginning the construction of the first Los Angeles pueblo home, built of sticks, with 22 adults and 22 children arriving at the desert site, with the Los Angeles River and hills in the distance.
Frederick Madison Roberts was a newspaper owner and editor, educator, and business owner. He was also the first African American elected to the California State Assembly. Roberts was a great-grandson of Sally Hemings and President Thomas Jefferson.
Photomontage with portraits of six women and six men, arranged around a photograph of a house. Filed with other photographs relevent to the Second Baptist Church in theMiriam Matthews collection, this image may represent an early church building, pre-dating the current church building at 2412 Griffith Avenue.
Dr. Vada Somerville (born Vada Jetmore Watson) of Pomona graduated from USC, married dentist John Alexander Somerville (1912), was the first African American woman and the second African American person to graduate from USC School of Dentistry (1918), and was the first African American woman certified to practice dentistry in the state of California. She was a civil rights activist, highly involved in several civic and community organizations.
Frederick Madison Roberts was a newspaper owner and editor, educator, and business owner. He was also the first African American elected to the California State Assembly. Roberts was a great-grandson of Sally Hemings and President Thomas Jefferson.